Temporal and spatial foraging patterns of three Asian honey bee species in Bangalore, India

Honey bees (genus Apis) are important pollinators in Asian tropical agricultural and natural ecosystems, yet the species remain vastly understudied compared to European honey bee, Apis mellifera. We studied temporal spatial foraging patterns of three co-occurring bee Bangalore, India, gain a better understanding how they coexist. found evidence for resource partitioning, with cerana having activity peaks early mornings, florea initiating later day, dorsata potential do much its at night, even when moon is not up. Apart from established differences ranges, we limited partitioning landscape. Although individual colonies parallel often focused their effort on different patches, all preferred cultivated garden areas seminatural or urban areas. These observations add growing key role gardens as habitat cities.